Drivers rely on their steering wheels every day to navigate their vehicles smoothly and safely. So, if your steering wheel feels stiff or challenging to turn all of a sudden, it can be a cause for concern.
A stiff steering wheel can make it hard to control your vehicle, especially when making turns. To avoid putting yourself and your loved ones in a dangerous situation, please bring this to a professional mechanic’s attention.
Reasons Your Steering Wheel Is Hard to Turn
So, what causes heavy steering? Some of the most common reasons why your steering feels heavy can include:
#1. Low Power Steering Fluid.
One of the most frequent reasons for a hard-to-turn steering wheel is low power steering fluid. Power steering fluid is the lifeblood of your vehicle’s power steering system, providing hydraulic assistance to make turning the wheel easier.
When the fluid level drops too low, the steering wheel may feel tight and resistant. There may not be enough fluid to be pressurized in the lines from the pump, reducing or completely preventing steering assist.
To check your power steering fluid, locate the reservoir under the hood. It’s typically labeled and has a dipstick or markings to indicate the fluid level. If it’s low, top it up with the manufacturer-recommended fluid. Be cautious not to overfill, as this can also lead to issues.
#2. Faulty Power Steering Pump.
The power steering pump is responsible for pressurizing the power steering fluid, allowing for smooth and effortless turning of the wheel. If the power steering pump is failing or has issues, it can lead to a hard-to-turn steering wheel. Even with enough fluid present, it cannot create the pressure needed to reduce your steering effort.
Signs of a faulty power steering pump include a whining or groaning noise when turning the wheel and increased effort required to steer. In extreme cases, it can even cause the belt to squeal or break. In such cases, inspect and, if necessary, replace the power steering pump.
#3. Worn or Misaligned Belt.
Your vehicle’s engine relies on belts to operate various components, and the power steering system is no exception. If the belt responsible for driving the power steering pump is worn or misaligned, it can lead to steering difficulties.
A loose or slipping belt won’t allow the pump to spin at a high enough rate to provide efficient assist, resulting in a stiff steering wheel.
Regular maintenance and belt inspections can help prevent this issue. If you notice any issues with the power steering belt like glazing, cracking, or missing pieces, it’s essential to address them promptly to maintain optimal steering performance.
#4. Steering System Issues.
Sometimes, the issue may go beyond power steering fluid, the pump, or the belt. Problems within the steering system itself can make the steering wheel hard to turn. These issues can range from worn-out steering components to damaged tie rods, steering racks, struts, or even misaligned wheels.
If you suspect that the problem lies within the steering system, check for the proper movement in each of the components. If there’s excessive play or binding in any of them, replace them and re-check for the symptom.
#5. Electrical Concerns.
Many modern power steering systems use an electric motor on the steering rack or column to provide assist rather than a hydraulic system. If the electric motor is failing, steering sensors have issues, there’s a broken wire or corrosion, or the fuse is blown, you may be left with no power steering assist.
Since steering calibration is typically required after a repair to the electric power steering system, it’s usually best left to the professionals. If you decide to tackle the repair on your own, ensure you have any calibrations done before operating your car on the road.
If you’re ever faced with the question, “Why is my steering wheel hard to turn?”, remember to consider these common reasons and take action. Regular maintenance and attentive care of your vehicle’s power steering system can go a long way in ensuring a smooth and effortless driving experience.
#6. Underinflated Tires.
Oddly enough, tire pressure can be another common cause of steering wheel pushback. This particular problem appears to be more pronounced when driving at low speeds. Fortunately, the solution is quick, easy, and usually inexpensive.
This makes it a good option to rule out before you take your car into a mechanic’s shop if you’ve already ruled out power steering fluid as the culprit.
Check the air pressure in your tires. Many modern cars report tire pressure for each tire on the menu. Simply check each one to make sure they’re all the same and all match the recommendations for your vehicle.
If your car doesn’t have this feature, most convenience stores offer air pumps that have tire pressure gauges built into the air dispenser. This helps you track the pressure as you’re filling your tire.
#7. Wheel Alignment Problems.
Misaligned wheels can make your steering wheel harder to turn. While several alignment factors exist, toe alignment is the most likely to affect steering effort.
Toe alignment refers to how much your tires turn inward or outward when viewed from above. Excessive toe-in (where tires point inward) is the most common alignment issue that can cause hard steering.
#8. Steering Rack Issues.
Even if you know little about cars, you’ve probably heard the phrase “rack and pinion.” They make up the steering rack and are held in place by several U-joints and shafts.
If this is the case, your difficult steering will be more pronounced when starting your vehicle but become less stiff as you drive, and the car warms up.
#9. Thick or Contaminated Power Steering Fluid.
Like other fluids in your car, power steering fluid can degrade over time. If not changed according to the manufacturer’s recommendations, it can become thick or contaminated, reducing its ability to lubricate the system effectively.
Signs of problematic power steering fluid include:
- Dark, dirty appearance (new power steering fluid is typically clear or light amber)
- Thick, sludgy consistency
- Burning smell
- Squealing noise when turning the wheel
#10. Damaged Ball Joints.
Ball joints are important components of your car’s suspension system that connect the steering knuckles to the control arms. When they wear out or become damaged, they not only make it harder to steer, but they can also be dangerous in the event of complete failure.
Signs of bad ball joints include:
- Clunking noise when turning or going over bumps
- Car pulling to one side
- Steering wheel vibration
- Uneven tire wear
Preventive Maintenance Tips for Your Steering System
Tip #1: Regularly Check Fluid Levels
Inspect your power steering fluid level monthly. Top up if necessary, using the type of fluid recommended in your owner’s manual.
Tip #2: Check Tire Pressure Monthly
Check tire pressure at least once a month, adjusting to the recommended PSI. Try to do this in the morning before driving for best accuracy.
Tip #3: Get Regular Alignment Checks
Have your wheel alignment checked annually or every 12,000 miles, whichever comes first. If your area has particularly rough roads, you may need to have it checked more frequently.
Keep in mind that this is only to “check” alignment; not necessarily have it adjusted as part of the alignment service.
Tip #4: Listen for Unusual Noises
Pay attention to any new squealing, grinding, or clunking sounds when turning. If you hear anything unusual, have it checked promptly.
Tip #5: Follow Fluid Change Schedule
Replace your power steering fluid according to your vehicle’s maintenance schedule, typically every 50k – 80k miles.
With some vehicles, there is no set replacement schedule but the fluid should still be visually inspected from time to time. If it looks very dark, dirty, or a thick consistency, it’s time to replace it.